| 1 Scope: 1.1This procedure is compliance with the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section Ⅴ. 1.2 This procedure establishes the process for controlling the film processing to produce a satisfactory radiograph. 2 Qualification of Examination Personnel Any persons engaged in this examination shall be qualified as radiographic examiner in accordance with the Written Practice for the Training, Examination and Qualification of NDE Personnel. 3 Automatic Processing Film characteristics must be compatible with processing conditions. It is essential that the recommendations of the film processor, and chemical manufacturers be followed. 4 Manual Processing 4.1 Film and chemical manufacturers should be consulted for detailed recommendations on manual film processing. 4.2 Preparation No more film should be processed than can be accommodated with a minimum separation of 20mm. Hangers are loaded and solutions stirred before starting development. 4.3 Start of Development Start the timer and place the films into the developer tank. Sep a rate to a minimum distance of 20mm and agitate in two directions for about 15 s. 4.4 Development Normal development is 5 to 8 min. at 68 °F（ 20 ℃） . The manufacturer's recommendation should be followed in choosing a development time. Consult manufacturer recommended development time versus temperature charts. Other recommendations of the manufacturer to be followed are replenishment rates, renewal of solutions, and other specific instructions. 4.5 Agitation Shake the film horizontally and vertically, ideally for a few seconds each minute during development. This will help film develop evenly. 4.6 Stop Bath or Rinse After development is complete, the activity of developer remaining in the emulsion should be neutralized by an acid stop bath or, if this is not possible, by rinsing with vigorous agitation in clear water. Follow the film manufacturer's recommendation of stop bath composition（or length of alternative rinse）, time immersed, and lift of bath. 4.7 Fixing The films must not touch one another in the fixer. Agitate the hangers vertically for about 10 s and again at the end f the first minute, to ensure uniform and rapid fixation. Keep them in the fixer until fixation is complete （that is at least twice the clearing time）, but not more than 15 min. In relatively fresh | 1 范围 1.1此规程根据ＡＳＭＥ锅炉和压力容器规范第Ⅴ卷要求而制定。 1.2 此规程建立一个控制胶片处理的“工艺”以获得满意的底片。 2 人员资格 任何从事射线探伤的人员必须按照《无损人员培训、考试和资格认命的实施细则》进行资格考核评定。 3 自动化处理 根据胶片的特征选择处理条件，必需采纳自动洗片厂家的建议。 4 手工处理 4.1有关胶片的手工处理的具体实施应该遵照胶片及化学药品制造厂商的建议。 4.2准备 将胶片装到挂片夹上并在开始显影之前搅动溶液。 4.3开始显影 启动计时器并将胶片浸入显影液中，胶片间隔至少为1/2in 的距离，并不断将显影夹上下移动大约15S。 4.4显影 正常显影在６８°Ｆ（２０℃）时为５～８分钟，在选择显影时间时应遵循生产厂的推荐，此外，应参考制造厂推荐的显影时间和温度关系表，其它应遵循制造厂推荐的内容为补液率、溶液的更换，以及其它特殊的说明。 4.5搅动 在显影过程中，一分钟内将胶片作水平和垂直方向搅动数秒钟，这有助于胶片均匀显影。 4.6停显或漂洗 在显影结束后，应用酸性停显液来中和显影剂的活性，如果不能用停显液，则可通过有清水中将胶片强有力拌动来进行漂洗，停显液的成份（或漂洗时间）胶片的浸渍时间以及停显液的的使用期限等，均应遵照胶片生产厂的推荐。 4.7定影 胶片在定影液中不得互相接触，为保证均匀而快速的定影，胶片在刚浸定影液时，以及在*分钟末，均应做上下方向的搅动，约１０秒钟，以确保均匀迅速的定影，然后让其在定影液中浸渍到定影结（其时间至少为达到底片透明所需时间的两倍）但在 |
| fixer. Frequent agitation will shorten the time of fixation. 4.8 Fixer Neutralizing The use of a HUPO eliminator or fixer neutralizer between fixation and washing may be advantageous. The recommendations of the manufacturers as to preparation, use, and useful lift of the baths should be observed rigorously. 4.9 Washing Washing is very slow below 60 °F （ 16 ℃） . When washing at temperatures above 85°F （30℃）, care should be exercised not to leave films in the water too long. The films should be washed in batches without contamination from new film brought over from the fixer. 4.9.1 The cascade method of washing uses less water and gives better washing for the same length of time. Divide the wash tank into two sections （may be two tanks）. Put the films from the fixer in the outlet section. After partial washing, move the batch of film to the inlet section. This comletes the wash in fresh water. 4.9.2 For specific washing recommendations, consult the film manufacturer. 4.10 Wetting Agent Dip the film for approximay 30 s in a wetting agent. This markers water drain evenly off film which facilitates quick, even drying. 4.11 Residual Fixer Concentrations If the fixing chemicals are not removed adequay from the film, they will in time cause staining or fading of the developed image. Residual fixer concentations permissible depend upon whether the films are to be kept for commercial purposes （3 to 10 years） or must be of archival quality. The method of determining residual fixer concentrations may be ascertained by reference to ANSI PH4.8, PH1.28, and PH1.41. 4.12 Drying Manual drying can vary from still air drying at ambient temperature to as high as 140°F （60℃） with air circulated by a fan. Film manufacturers should again be contacted for recommended drying conditions. Take precaution to tighten film on hangers, so that it cannot touch in the dryer. Too hot a drying temperature at low humidity can result in unever drying and should be avoided. | 较新鲜的定影液中，不得超过１５分钟，经常搅动胶片可以缩短定影时间。 4.8定影液的中和 在定影和冲水之间，使用海波净化剂或定影液中和剂可能会有好处，对制造厂推荐的试剂配制，使用以及使用期限等应严加注意。 4.9水洗 一般在６０°Ｆ（１６℃）以下时冲洗是很缓慢的,在温度８５°Ｆ（３０℃）以上冲洗时，应当注意胶片在水中时间不能太长，胶片应分批冲洗，不能有新从定影液中取出的胶片，以免污染。 4.9.1 分级冲洗法所需的水量较少，并在同样的冲洗时间里能达到较好的冲洗效果。把冲洗槽分为两个部分（也可用两个水槽），把从定影液中取出的胶片放在出水口部分，经过部分冲洗后，把胶片移到进水口部分，从而在新鲜水中完成冲洗。 4.9.2 有关特殊的冲洗推荐方法应征询胶片制造厂。 4.9.3 水洗的有效性可以用ANSTPH4.8操作方法E94中所述的处理残留化学物质试验来检查。 4.10润湿剂 把胶片浸入润湿剂中约３０秒钟，可以使水从胶片上均匀流下，易于干燥得快速、均匀。 4.12 干燥 手工干燥可以从环境温度的静止空气直到高达140°F（60℃）的鼓风机循环空气下进行干燥,对胶片的干燥条件也应参照胶片制造厂推荐,要注意在挂夹上绷紧胶片，防止在干燥器中接触，低湿度下过高的干燥温度会引起不均匀的干燥，是应当避免的。 |
