江苏春晨电缆有限公司专业生产EV-E90U充电桩电缆乙丙橡胶绝缘聚氨酯护套电动汽车传导充电系统用电缆，进入公司商铺
General rubber sheathed cable with 5 copper conductor as a conductor, in its production process, often found that copper oxide conductor discoloration, which seriously affect the quality of the products, become a difficult technical problem of many domestic cable manufacturers.
铜属于过渡金属，易被空气中的氧气在酸性条件氧化成黑色的CuO。当铜导体表面有水膜或水珠时，由于大气中含有大量尘埃，如烟雾、煤炭、汽车尾气、氯化物及其他酸、碱、盐颗粒粉尘等， 这些有害物质溶解于水膜或水珠中，即可形成电解液，从而加剧铜导体的氧化变色。轻者影响产品外观品质和产品质量，重者则影响铜导体的使用，造成生产成本的浪费。所以，铜导体一定要妥善保管，注意防氧化变色。EV-E90U充电桩电缆
Copper is a transition metal, easily oxidized by oxygen in the air under acidic conditions into black CuO. When the copper conductor surface water film or water, because the atmosphere contains large amounts of dust, such as smoke, coal, auto exhaust, chloride and other acid, alkali, salt and other dust particles, these harmful substances dissolved in water or water film can be formed in the electrolyte, thus exacerbating the discoloration of the copper conductor. The light affects the appearance quality of the product and the product quality, and the heavy case affects the use of the copper conductor, resulting in the waste of the production cost. Therefore, the copper conductor must be properly preserved, pay attention to anti oxidative discoloration.
电缆用金属铜从原理上讲主要有物理方法阻隔铜与潮湿空气接触、阴极保护氧化还原法阻止铜导体氧化、化学方法在铜导体表面生成钝化膜阻止氧化，抑或在导体表面喷涂特殊液体予以保护。以通用橡套电缆的生产为例，每道工序防氧化控制的主要方法。
Cable with copper from the principle of the main physical barrier method of copper contact with moist air cathode protection, oxidation reduction method and chemical method to prevent oxidation of copper conductor to prevent oxidation in the formation of copper conductor surface passivation film, or to protect the conductor special surface spraying liquid. Taking the production of general rubber sheathed cable as an example, the main methods of anti oxidation control in each process are introduced.
1、铜杆进厂前运输、检测及储存
1, copper rod into the factory before transportation, testing and storage
我国大多数电缆企业用铜为外购，应选择质优金属铜杆，规范供应商运输、交货流程与制度，铜杆进厂检验依照GB/T 3048.2或电缆企业企标执行。铜杆的储存可用塑料布或塑料薄膜覆盖铜杆，即zui简单的物理阻隔法阻止铜杆与潮湿空气的接触。车间领用铜杆时一定要逐个铜杆卷进行肉眼检查是否有发黑现象，从生产源头加以控制。
Most of the cable companies in China for the outsourcing of copper, should choose high-quality copper rod, regulate the supplier transport, delivery processes and systems, copper rod into the factory inspection in accordance with GB/T 3048.2 or cable enterprise standard execution. The storage of copper rod can be covered with plastic cloth or plastic film covered copper rod, which is the simplest physical barrier to prevent the copper rod and wet air contact. Collar collar when the workshop must be one by one to check the volume of copper rods are black, from the production source to control.
2、铜杆拉丝工序的控制
2, copper rod drawing process control
0.4mm单丝的拉制一般采用连续退火的铜大拉机和中拉机，需经过放线、拉丝与退火、冷却、烘干、收线等工序。首先，应选取合适的模具，切不可过小，否则会强制使金属铜的晶格变异，加剧金属温度的急剧上升。其次，开机前检查乳化液的酸碱度，确保为碱性溶液，同时拉丝油中应添加抗氧化剂，在铜导体表面形成钝化膜，防止氧化；放线时，保持放线张力稳定、均匀，不可过度颤动；拉丝过程中操作者应保证恰当水位高度，保证退火程度均匀，避免退火不足或退火过度；收线时，铜导体表面不应有残余液体，可在收线前方处放置一块干燥的毛毡（经常更换），以保证单丝的干燥。zui后，在拉丝下后用透明塑料薄膜密封，存放于干燥环境之中，待流转，否则会由于导体表面温度较高而易与潮湿的空气发生氧化的风险。
0.4mm single wire drawing generally adopts the continuous annealing of the Copper drawing machine and the pull machine, the need to go through the wire, wire drawing and annealing, cooling, drying, take-up process. First of all, we should choose the appropriate mold, must not be too small, otherwise it will be forced to make metal copper lattice variation, increase the sharp rise in metal temperature. Second, check the pH of the emulsion, that is alkaline solution, at the same time should be added antioxidants in oil drawing, forming a passivation film on the copper conductor surface, prevent oxidation; put the line, keep the line tension stable and uniform, not excessive fibrillation; operation drawing process should ensure the proper level and guarantee the degree of uniformity of annealing, annealing to avoid insufficient or excessive annealing; take-up, copper conductor surface should not have residual liquid, can be placed in a dry place in front of the take-up felt (often change), to ensure that the monofilament drying. Finally, after drawing the bottom plate with a transparent plastic film seal, stored in a dry environment, to be transferred, or because the conductor surface temperature is high and easy to oxidation of the risk of moist air.
3、铜丝绞合(束绞)与绝缘橡皮、护套橡皮挤出工序
3, copper wire stranding (beam) and insulation rubber, sheath rubber extrusion process
以铜丝绞合为例，导体在绞合过程中，经过各道压模使得金属铜晶格改变结构，在强外力作用下，过模后铜导体温度较过模前有较大提高，因此铜导体外层易氧化。故可在绞和过程中用输液软管将抗氧剂（0.3%的苯并三氮唑酒精溶液）滴入铜丝中，滴入标准以刚好浸润铜丝表面为准，避免过少存在局部氧化或过多浪费的现象发生，在所有防氧化工作准备稳妥后，再开机运转。收线处应保证收线盘干燥，收线盘装满后，用透明塑料薄膜密封。
The copper wire stranded for example, stranded conductors in the process, after the die making copper lattice structure change, in a strong external force, die after copper conductor temperature is too large to improve before the model, so the outer oxidized copper conductor. So it can be in the ground and in the process of transfusion hose antioxidant (0.3% benzene and three triazole alcohol solution) drops into the wire, drops into the standard by just infiltrating the surface of copper wire as the standard, to avoid local oxidation are too small or too much waste, in all the anti oxidation preparation work steadily, and then boot operation. The receiving line shall ensure that the receiving plate is dry, and the sealing plate is sealed with a transparent plastic film after the take-up reel is filled.
导体挤包绝缘前应纵包或绕包聚酯带，放置橡皮绝缘材料中的物质腐蚀导体。绝缘橡皮和护套橡皮在挤出过程中，应避免线头进水，而发生线头氧化变黑现象。
The conductor shall be wrapped longitudinally or wrapped around the polyester tape before being extruded and insulated. Insulated rubber and sheath rubber in the extrusion process, should avoid the head of water, and the occurrence of black hair oxidation phenomenon.
我们在日常生产的观察中发现，通过选择优质铜杆、有效地控制拉丝工艺及乳化液浓度和温度、退火工艺、导体绞合或束绞铜丝表面的钝化处理及防止线头进水等手段，加之，车间操作人员应树立质量意识，加强业务培训，能清楚地认识到铜丝氧化带来的不良后果，严把质量关，才能有效地控制电缆铜导体的质量，防止其氧化，*地提高了工作效率，减少返工频次，从而达到降低成本和提高内在产品质量的有益效果。
We observed in daily production, through the selection of high-quality copper rod, effectively control the drawing process and emulsion concentration and temperature, annealing process, stranded copper conductor strand or surface passivation and prevent thrum water and other means, in addition, the operators should establish quality awareness, strengthen business training, adverse consequences to see clearly the copper oxide, strict quality control, can effectively control the quality of the copper conductor cable, prevent oxidation, which greatly improves the work efficiency, reduce rework frequency, thereby reducing into the beneficial effect and improve the intrinsic product quality.
